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前言：打疫苗，美国有些人有顾虑。纽约的连锁诊所CityMD特地推出一篇文章，针对人们的错误观点，
加以澄清。在这里和大家分享英文原文，并且加了中文翻译（意译为主）。Myth就是似是而非的不实观点。中文说就是谣言、谣传。这篇文章的主要内容是2021年2月初发出的。
COVID-19 VACCINE MYTH BUSTING 破除关于COVID-19疫苗的谣传（第一部分）
Should I get it or not? That’s the big question many are asking right now when
it comes to the COVID-19 vaccine. Unfortunately, there’s a lot of false and
misleading information circulating, especially on social media, that is making
the question difficult to answer. With the help of Dr. Ashish Parikh, Chief
Quality Officer of Summit CityMD, we’ve laid out some of the most common myths
surrounding the existing vaccines and dispel them with
facts.打，还是不打疫苗？对一些人来说，是一个问题。纽约城市急症系统（urgent
care）的医疗总监艾士师·帕瑞科针对坊间流行的遥传和顾虑做了以下解说。
1。MYTH: People with underlying conditions should not get the
vaccine.是不是有基础病的人，比如说高血压，糖尿病，心脏病，甲状腺疾病，癌症稳定期的病人，不应该打新冠（COVID）疫苗？
FACT:One serious piece of misinformation is that the vaccine could harm or
kill you if you have underlying medical conditions. The vaccine trials
included not only healthy people but also people with chronic conditions
including those living with HIV. The vaccines were found to be highly
effective in all populations
included.这是一种错误的说法。在疫苗做三期实验时，不仅健康人群参加了实验，许多有慢性病的人也参加了实验。实验证明了疫苗对所有的人都有保护作用。（对于那些病情不稳定的人，最好询问自己的医生后，再打疫苗。比如说，心脏病的病人，询问心脏病科的医生;
肾脏病的病人，询问肾脏病的医生; 有癌症的病友，询问自己的癌症专家。。。）
While data for all categories of patients is not yet available, Dr. Parikh
says that adult patients with immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases, and
active cancers, as well as those who take anticoagulants (blood thinners), are
all encouraged to take the vaccine. “It’s not only 95 percent effective at
reducing the risk of getting COVID-19; it’s almost 100 percent effective at
reducing the risk of getting a severe case of it,” he says. “The bottom line
is that the people who are most afraid of getting the vaccine are the ones who
are also the most at risk of contracting severe cases of the virus itself. So,
when the vaccine is available to you, I strongly recommend you get
it.”帕瑞科医生说，所有有基础病的人，都应该打疫苗。因为疫苗不仅可以最大限度地避免得病，即使万一得了病，也会减轻症状。
2。MYTH: The vaccine cannot be taken by women who are pregnant or
breastfeeding.怀孕的妇女和喂奶的妈妈应该打疫苗吗？
FACT:One false theory that exists is that a spike protein of the virus and the
human placenta share a tiny code in genetic material, thus causing the
COVID-19 antibodies to attack the reproductive system. This theory has no
scientific backing, and there is zero evidence that the antibodies created by
the body to fight COVID-19 have any impact on the placenta or its development.
In fact, the placental protein, syncytin-1, and the coronavirus spike protein
just aren’t similar enough.有一种谣传说COVID的抗体会伤害人类的生育系统。这种说法是没有科学根据的。Dr. Parikh
notes that pregnant women are at a slightly higher risk for complications of
COVID-19, which is why they should consider being inoculated against it. “We
encourage women who are pregnant to discuss the risks of COVID-19 and the
benefits of the vaccine with their provider. Women at increased risk for
infection like those who work in health care should strongly consider getting
vaccinated,” he
says.帕瑞科医生说，”如果传染上了COVID，怀孕的妇女，比别人多了一点点危险性会转成重症，所以她们应该打疫苗”。帕瑞科医生还说，”我们鼓励孕妇和她的妇产科医生讨论是不是应该打疫苗的事。对那些在医护岗位上工作的孕妇，我们强烈推荐她们打疫苗”。”As
for breastfeeding, the vaccine does not make its way into breast milk.
However, protective antibodies will be passed on to the nursing infant, which
is a good
thing.””对于那些哺乳的妇女来说，疫苗不会进入母奶，而且，哺乳的妇女打了疫苗后，他们的抗体可以通过母乳给到婴儿。挺好的，对不对”?For now,
if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, it is recommended that you discuss the
benefits and potential unknown risks of vaccination with your health care
provider to determine what’s best for you and your
baby.所以，我们建议怀孕和哺乳的妇女和她们的医生讨论打疫苗的事儿。
3。MYTH: The vaccine cannot be taken by women who are trying to
conceive.如果女人想怀孕，是不是不应该打疫苗？
FACT:Another big rumor circulating is that the COVID-19 vaccines cause
infertility, but this is another baseless claim. There is no evidence that the
vaccine impacts fertility. In fact, there were people participating in the
clinical trials that became pregnant during the study
period.说什么疫苗影响怀孕，这也是一个没有科学根据的谣传。事实是，有女人在参加疫苗实验期间怀孕的。
4。MYTH: The vaccine will change my DNA.听说疫苗会改变人的基因？
FACT:Another concern that has come up is that the vaccine may somehow change
your DNA or genes. This rumor started because the vaccine contains a small
piece of genetic material called RNA. This RNA in the vaccine is a code to
help your body make the spike protein of the virus which in turn activates
your immune system and helps you develop immunity. “The RNA from the vaccine
is quickly broken down soon after injection and will not remain in your body
for any significant time. And there’s no way it can change your DNA,” says Dr.
Parikh.这也是一个谣言。帕瑞科医生说，疫苗的RNA在注射到身体中之后，很快就会分解而不会一成不变地存在在身体中。根本不可能成为人们的基因。
破除关于COVID-19疫苗的谣传（第二部分） COVID-19 VACCINE MYTH BUSTING
5。MYTH: The risk of possible reactions outweighs the benefits of the
vaccine.有人说打疫苗的危险，大于打疫苗的好处。
FACT:There is also a cluster of concerns that the vaccine will cause
fatalities, anaphylactic shock, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), Bell’s palsy,
or COVID-19 itself. Mainstream and social media reports from across the globe
contribute to these fears.有一系列的谣传，说打了疫苗会死人，会得窒息性过敏，会得格林-
巴氏瘫痪症，会面瘫等等。确实也有媒体报道在世界各地零星散发的个案。帕瑞科医生说，”其实打疫苗最严重的副作用就是窒息性严重过敏症。但是这种过敏是可以治疗的”
。他还说，疫苗可以降低得病的严重性，而得病后即使痊愈，有时也有后遗症。目前我们对COVID的后遗症，还不完全了解。”The most serious
adverse reaction to be concerned about is anaphylaxis—and it’s totally
treatable,” he says. “It also has lower incidence than the serious
complications of getting COVID-19, which we don’t yet know the long-term
effects of.”There have been no cases of GBS reported due to the vaccine. And
in terms of Bell’s palsy, the CDC cites the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
reports that it does not consider these to be above the rate expected in the
general population. They have not concluded these cases were caused by
vaccination.至今为止，没有出现与打疫苗相关的格林-
巴尔瘫痪症出现。至于短暂性面瘫，CDC说，打COVID疫苗后，出现的极个别案例，并不比打其它疫苗出现的这种案例比例高。帕瑞科医生说，迄今为止的疫苗注射记录给我们一个重要信息:
那些打了疫苗后死亡的人，包括那些死亡于老人院的病人，他们的死因都是由于他们的基础病。而且，这些死亡比率，并不高于打了其它疫苗后的死亡率。换句话说，COVID的疫苗，和其它我们平时就已经打的疫苗，比如流感疫苗，带状疱疹疫苗安全性应该是差不多的。Dr.
Parikh says that for all reactions documented so far, it’s important to note
that any unfortunate issues, including deaths in long-term care facilities,
are largely coincidental and due to existing conditions unrelated to COVID-19.
These instances are also not above the normal rate and may arise with the
administration of any vaccine.
6。MYTH: The vaccine may give me COVID-19.还有人听信谣言，说疫苗会给人COVID 疾病。
FACT:事实是我们现在的疫苗不存在活的病毒，完全没有可能谁能从疫苗那里传染上病毒。小知识：过去经常有人说他们打了流感疫苗，反而得了严重的流感。怎么回事呢？疫苗帮助人们的身体制造抗体，使人们不容易感染疾病。但是，这并不等于人们就被唐僧划出的金光圈完全保护了起来。有人打了疫苗，就以为自己百毒不侵，当然有可能得病。流感有四、五十种。每年的流感疫苗只管两，三种可能出现的流感病毒。COVID疫苗也有这个情况，现在上市的疫苗，对变异的病毒有效率，也有减低的情况。不过尽管保护作用减低，疫苗还是有效地减少了重症病例。多说一句，流感疫苗也是一样。打了流感疫苗，重症也减低。不过这种减低，往往是医护人员观察对比得出的结论，被减少了的住院率和死亡率来证实。而那些得了病的人，有着以为自己打了疫苗就会百毒不侵的期望，现实太骨感，所以痛苦可能是加倍了的。还回到COVID疫苗，至今为止，没有疫苗是100%可以防病。变异病毒的出现，更给有效率打了一些折扣。所以打了疫苗，还要戴口罩，保持安全距离，洗手，不聚会，少旅行。The
vaccines currently available (Pfizer and Moderna) do not contain live virus,
so there is no way for someone to contract the virus from the vaccine itself.
The vaccine helps your body make antibodies against the virus and during this
process you might feel ill for a day or two. But that’s not the same as
getting the disease.
7。MYTH: The new virus strains are resistant to the vaccine.”疫苗对变异病毒无效”，这也是个谣传。
FACT:事实是病毒总是在不断地变异。事实一是新的病毒，比原来的病毒传播的快一些，毒性大一些。但是疫苗对人还是有保护作用。为了更好地防疫，我们打了疫苗还要戴口罩，保持安全距离。相信专家，不要相信谣传。The
virus has been continually mutating since it was discovered. Several new
strains of COVID-19 have recently made the news because they have been shown
to spread more easily and may make people sicker. The vaccines have been
tested against these new strains, and current evidence suggests that getting
the vaccine will still protect you. However, it is still recommended that in
addition to getting the vaccine, you should continue wearing your mask around
people who are not members of your household, as well as washing your hands,
and practicing proper social distancing.Listen to the Experts.If you’re
worried about getting the vaccine, don’t rely on social media posts for
information. There are plenty of facts right at your fingertips. Ask your
physician or head to the CDC COVID-19 vaccine website, which has a lot of
reliable information about the vaccine.
8。最近美国阳性病例连续6、7周下降。二月末，COVID死亡率也出现了下降。但是，变异病毒仍是大家心中的担忧。CDC瓦主任今天警告大家，COVID的第四波还是有可能的。她请求大家严格遵守防疫原则:
戴口罩，保持安全距离，不要聚会，避免旅行，如果轮到你打疫苗了，不要犹豫，去打疫苗。
9。2月27日，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）宣布紧急获批强生公司的新冠疫苗。这是美国目前批准上市的第三款疫苗，只需打一针，对工作忙时间紧的人，是个福音。它对重症有效率为85.9%。强生疫苗不必在极低的温度下保存，还可以安全地在普通冰箱中保存三个月。而且它在预防来自南非的高传染性B.1.351方面比辉瑞和Moderna疫苗表现更好。强生疫苗预计在本周将陆续分发300万剂，6月底之前将达到分发1亿剂。
10。此前美国政府订购的6亿剂辉瑞疫苗和Moderna疫苗计划在7月底之前给所有美国居民完成施打，现在因为强生疫苗的加入，预计这个时间还会提前，也算是一个好消息了。福奇博士称三种疫苗都很好，敦促大家在符合接种条件时，尽快接种任何可获得的疫苗。
11。辉瑞计划实施打第三剂新冠疫苗尽管接种两剂辉瑞新冠疫苗后，对预防新冠病毒感染有效性到达95%，但辉瑞公司现在正在研究注射三剂疫苗的效果，这是预防变种病毒的一大策略。该公司周四宣布，正在对6个多月前接受第一剂疫苗的人进行加强剂量的研究。辉瑞公司首席执行官Albert
Bourla相信第三剂疫苗将把抗体反应提高10-20倍。
12。FDA最近的研究表明，辉瑞疫苗有可能不需要超低温来保存。强生疫苗批准之后，又有人制造中文谣言沙拉：他们把一些唬人的科学名词，混到一些唬人的谣言结论中去。目的何在？抓眼球？恶搞过瘾？啊啊啊，他们真的不知道造谣的后果吗？
宵枚编译 参考CityMD给大众的科普邮件，”一亩三分地”公众号，2-28-2021
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